No algorithms in cadabra are currently aware of absolute values, so you can give it any name you want. But because \abs will not get converted to abs by the sympy bridge , it is probably best to simply use abs. In order to make it print as you want, use something like
abs{A??}::LaTeXForm("\left|", A??, "\right|");
The above will make the following work and print correctly:
ex := abs( -3 );
simplify(ex);